How mangrove plants and animals adapt to survive:

b)Mangrove Plant Reproduction in an ever-environment-Vivipary
·The mangrove environment experiences a lot of water movement because of the daily tides .A seed planted in the mangrove soil may get washed away bt the tides before it has a chance to germinate and take root.
·Some mangrove tree solve the above problem with a unique reproductive process called vivipary.
·Vivipary is a process where seeds germinate and develop into seedlings while the fruits are still attached to the parent plant.
·Upon maturity, the seedlings will to the ground and lodge themselves into the mud and grow immediately. Those that fall into the water will be dispersed by the tides.
c)Coping with salt water-salt secretor
Mangrove plants are able to survive in salt water as they have way to get rid of excess salt in their bodies. Some mangrove plants get rid of excess salt in their bodies by excreting it on their leaf surfaces. The salt is then removed by wind or rain. We call these plant the salt secretors.
d)Mangroves adapt to survive in mudflats
One of Nature's many wonders is the ability of plants to adapt and change in hostile environments.
The wetland environment in which mangroves thrive is certainly tough. Water levels fluctuate throughout the day, as does the level of salt in the water. The soil mangroves set their roots into is soft and often lacks oxygen.
e)Mangrove animals adaptation
·Migratory Shorebirds:
Different species of migratory shorebirds have different bill shapes and lengths allowing each species to probe the mud at different depths to find food. For the reason, large number of different shorebirds can feed on the same mudflat without competing with each other for food.
·Mudskippers:
The mudskipper is really a fish. It has modified fins which help it to move on land. When on land, it breathes through its damp skin and by holding water in its mouth. Huge eyes on top of it to see better, allowing it to hunt for prey and also to escape from predators. These structural adaptation help the Mudskipper cope with the mangrove environment, catch prey and escape predators!
·Tree-climbing Crabs:
During high tide, the Tree-climbing Crab climbs up a tree avoid being eaten by predatory fish. Once out of the water, it must remain still to avoid being spotted by predators like the kingfishers and water monitor lizards. The above behavioural adaptations help the Tree- climbing Crab escape predators.